Saksagan
How to Divide Land Won in War
If Bulgaria and Serbia win new land together (based on Articles 1 and 2 of the Treaty and Article 1 of this secret annex),...
Date and Location of the Treaty
Written in Sofia on February 29, 1912
This section belongs to the Secret Annex of the Treaty of Friendship and Alliance between Bulgaria and Serbia.
What...
A Morning in Salonika
Below my balcony, modern Greeks were sitting at small tables on the sidewalk, drinking their early morning coffee, smoking, talking, and reading the newspaper....
The Balkans and the Fight for Macedonia
The Balkan countries want Turkey to lose control of Macedonia. If this happened, it could start a war in Europe. Neither Austria nor Russia...
The Cycle of Violence in Macedonia
Bulgarian Christians resort to assassination as a way to fight back. The Turkish government responds by massacring innocent people, including those who were forced...
Evolution of State Treasury and Succession under Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror
The Importance of the Sultan’s Seal
One of the significant provisions in Fatih’s Lawbook pertains to the protection of the Sultan’s seal, indicating the growing...
Administrative Structure and Treasury Oversight in the Ottoman Empire
The Four Pillars of State Administration
Under the governance of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror, state organizations were reestablished and regulated through the implementation of Fatih’s...
Evolution of the Ottoman Treasury
From Public to Imperial
Establishment of the Imperial Palaces
Historical accounts from Ahmed Aşıkî, Dursun Bey Künhü’l-ahbâr, and Tayyarzade Ata Bey highlight the construction of the...
Allowed Anastasius
He saw his moment and sought to take it, but in the end was never ruthless enough and never successful enough. He approached Constantinople...
Moderates controlled both Rome and Constantinople
Even though would-be moderates controlled both Rome and Constantinople, their respective definitions of moderation fell on different parts of the spectrum. As long as...
